What component of an electronic circuit performs logic operations on binary data?

The correct answer is a logic circuit, as it is specifically designed to perform operations based on Boolean algebra, manipulating binary data represented as 0s and 1s. Logic circuits include components such as AND, OR, NOT gates that combine input signals to produce a specific output based on logical conditions.

In contrast, while transistors are essential for controlling and amplifying electrical signals and can be used within logic circuits, they do not perform logic operations independently. Resistors and capacitors serve different functions altogether; resistors limit current flow in a circuit, and capacitors store electrical energy temporarily, neither of which involve processing or manipulating binary data. Therefore, when discussing components that directly execute logic operations, the logic circuit is the accurate answer as it encompasses the specific arrangement and design needed for this purpose.