What is the main role of SQL statements?

SQL, or Structured Query Language, is specifically designed for managing and manipulating relational databases. Its primary role is to perform operations on databases, which includes tasks such as querying data, updating existing records, inserting new records, and deleting records. This functionality allows users to effectively interact with the data stored in a database and retrieve meaningful information.

The other options, while related to the broader field of computer science and data management, do not accurately reflect the primary purpose of SQL. Creating programming applications generally involves using programming languages, rather than SQL, which is focused on database interactions. Encryption of database information involves security measures that are not directly related to SQL statements, but rather to data protection techniques. Backup processes typically involve separate utilities and tools designed to create copies of data for recovery purposes, rather than SQL, which does not inherently include backup functionality within its core operations.