What is the primary function of a compiler in software development?

The primary function of a compiler is to convert high-level code into machine code, which is a low-level language that can be executed directly by a computer's processor. High-level programming languages, such as Python or Java, are designed to be human-readable and more abstract, making them easier for programmers to write and understand. However, computers operate using machine code, which consists of binary instructions.

When a compiler processes the high-level code, it translates the entire program into machine code in one go, producing an executable file that the computer can run. This process is critical because it allows developers to write in a more user-friendly language while still enabling the machine to understand and execute the instructions efficiently.

In contrast, other functions mentioned in the choices, such as executing code directly, assisting in debugging, and managing memory allocation, are not the primary roles of a compiler. Execution is carried out by the computer's processor, debugging is typically handled by separate tools or within an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and memory management is a function often overseen by the operating system or runtime environment rather than the compiler itself.