What is the technique of picking out important bits of information from a problem known as?

The technique of picking out important bits of information from a problem is known as abstraction. This process involves filtering out unnecessary details and focusing on the fundamental aspects of the problem that are relevant for understanding and solving it. By doing so, abstraction allows one to simplify complex problems and create a more manageable representation, focusing on the essential features without getting bogged down by extraneous information.

This is particularly useful in computer science, where complex systems can be represented through abstract models, which help in designing algorithms, systems, or software without needing to deal with every detail at once. For instance, when designing a software application, a developer may abstract the broader functionalities required without needing to specify every single detail of implementation at the outset.

Other terms, while related, do not precisely capture this technique. Decomposition refers to breaking a problem down into smaller, more manageable parts, which is distinct from merely selecting important information. Summarization involves expressing the general idea of something in a condensed form, often retaining an overview rather than focusing strictly on critical elements. Analysis generally refers to the detailed examination and interpretation of the components of a problem, rather than the act of selecting the most important information. Thus, abstraction is the most fitting term for this technique.