What methodology is essential for clarifying and defining the core aspects of a problem?

The correct answer is abstraction, as it refers to the process of simplifying complex systems by removing unnecessary details and focusing on the essential characteristics. In problem-solving, abstraction is crucial as it allows individuals to identify and concentrate on key components of a problem, thereby facilitating a clearer understanding of the situation.

By using abstraction, one can develop models or representations that capture the fundamental aspects of the problem without the distractions of extraneous details. This is particularly useful in computer science, where abstracting away from low-level details enables developers to focus on higher-level functionalities and solve problems more efficiently.

The other methodologies, while important in their contexts, do not specifically align with the goal of clarifying and defining the core aspects of a problem. Analytical thinking involves breaking down information into parts and examining relationships, but it does not inherently prioritize simplification. Logistical reasoning is about planning and organizing sequences of actions. Empirical investigation involves collecting and analyzing data to draw conclusions, which may not always be focused on defining the core aspects of a problem. Thus, abstraction stands out as the most relevant methodology for this question.