Which type of memory retains its data when power is lost?

Non-volatile memory is designed to retain its data even when power is lost. This characteristic is crucial for storage solutions where information needs to be preserved, such as hard drives, SSDs (solid-state drives), and flash memory. Non-volatile memory is essential for maintaining important files, system settings, and other data across power cycles.

In contrast, RAM and cache memory are types of volatile memory, which means they lose their stored data when the power is turned off. This temporary storage is used for active processes and data that the CPU is currently working with, which is why they do not retain information once the power supply is interrupted.

Understanding the differences between non-volatile and volatile memory helps clarify why non-volatile memory is the correct answer in this context, as it specifically serves the purpose of preserving data without reliance on a continuous power supply.